• Jennifer Mbanasor

The primary motivation behind this experiment is to uncover the distinctive bacteria organisms placed in my unknown broth. The issue is that this obliges various tests with the end goal that I should have the capacity to identify the microorganisms. My intention in this trial is to acquire the right names for these subjects with a specific end goal to progressively compose a fitting report. My methodology to this test will be an experimentation that will inevitably acquire the correct results to getting the name of my cultures. I then eventually did the analysis by leading my tests and crossed out the bacteria that did not meet the specifications from my experiment. My results will be uncovered after my clarification of what I did and the tests I performed to figure out the bacteria’s nomenclatures.

My unknown culture accompanied two types of species of bacteria that had been inoculated previously. The information I got from class is that one of them ought to be a gram negative. The other ought to be a gram positive and conceivably have an alternate morphology. To recognize the two organic entities I first needed to go for the TSA streaking strategy. This technique obliged that I streak the blended culture on a TSA plate and incubate it for 24 hours. From that point, I needed to inspect the plate for two separate shapes of the colonies. This is a piece of my experimentation approach on the grounds that after I analyzed the plate I didn’t see a colossal contrast on the plate. I expected that either the test didn’t work or I simply just streaked the plate in the wrong way. The move down to the blended culture of the TSA streaking system was the selective media technique. With the selective media and differential media I will have the capacity to clarify what the cultures I got from my TSA plate are. There is a distinction between selective media and differential media. Selective medium sort segment is planned to support the development of one gathering group of organisms, yet repress the development of another. These media contain antimicrobials, dyes, or alcohol to hinder the development of the organisms not took a gander at or not focused for study. Selective medium sorts include EMB agar, Mannitol Salt agar, MacConkey agar, and Streptococcus Faecalis (SF) agar (Highlands 2013).Then again, differential medium sorts are those that recognize microorganisms from each other focused around development attributes that are present when they are grown on particular medium sorts. Organisms with varying development attributes essentially indicate obvious growth in development when set on differential media. Illustrations incorporate blood agar, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Mannitol Salt agar, and MacConkey agar (Highlands 2013). The Eosin Methylene blue agar or (EMB) contains dyes like eosin and methylene blue. The name clarifies it itself. This media is picked particularly for gram negative species. Lactose-fermenting creatures, for example, E. coli or Enterobacter will create a precipitate on the EMB. The colonies will either be black or have dull focuses with clear rings. At that point the non-lactose fermenters like Salmonella will seem red or pink or even uncolored. The MacConkey agar has its closeness to EMB on the grounds that it excessively likewise chooses for gram negative species. MacConkey is both selective and differential in light of the fact that it chooses for gram negative and separates the lactose-fermenting bacteria by uncovering a red or pink color for the lactose aging microbes while seeming colorless for non-fermenters. Mannitol salt agar is produced using 7.5% NaCl (Highlands). It is selective for staphylococci and is differential regarding mannitol fermentation. No one but halophiles can become on this high centralization of salt in the medium. This media is then motioned by the generation of acidic items heading phenol red in the media to transform from a neutral red-orange to bright yellow. The SFA plate is utilized for the separation of Enterococcus species from the Streptococcus bovis group and other streptococci. Particularly, the EMB and Mac plates were everything I needed to inspect the distinction in the gram positive and gram negative. After I had cultured those plates, I still felt free to streak two TSA plates simply so the bacterium would not have dye on it when I assess it through the microscope.

The gram staining procedure is the most widely recognized method utilized today to have the capacity to distinguish the diverse types of bacteria. The thing is gram negative and gram positive stain distinctively with this procedure for a couple of reasons. Gram positive have thick multilayered peptidoglycan which traps a color called crystal violet better than how gram negatives can hold the dye. Gram negatives have a slim layered lipopolysaccharide on its peripheral covering that doesn’t hold the stain well while the ethanol alcohol wash. This is the reason that after the gram stain transform, that the negatives uncover a reddish to pink color under the microscope and the positives will remain a purple shade.

I needed to do construct a harder biochemical test first so I continued to perform the biochemical test needed for gram negatives first. One of the tests would be the triple sugar iron agar test or TSIA which tests the capacity of the bacteria to deliver sugars like glucose, and to create hydrogen sulfide. The methyl red and Voges-Proskauer test includes the testing of acid fermenters. All the more particularly it tests to see the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and glycolysis (Weber, 2009). The Vogues-Proskauer test permits me to examine the organisms capacity to kill acid results of glucose fermentation utilizing 2, 3 butandiol. The citrate test uncovers if the life form can create a catalyst called citrate-permease. From that point, citrate is transported into the cell and changed over into pyruvate which is simpler for the cell to change over into items. The urease test “an intracellular enzyme test”, focuses on the bacteria species digestion system and the way it breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The gelatin test is a test for gelatinase which hydrolyzes proteins that are gotten from collagen. The SIM test looks at hydrogen sulfide production, indole generation, and motility. The triple sugar iron agar test (TSIA) is a media test that gives three results which incorporate sugar usage, gas creation, and sulfur reduction.

The main test I started was the citrate test. I clarified prior that it includes the testing of catalyst called citrate-permease. I was required to figure out if my unknown can utilize citrate as a wellspring of carbon for its energy. Bacteria that are able to do this can likewise change over ammonium phosphate into NH3 + NH4OH creating the media to turn into a soluble substance (Badon). I utilized a whole alternate method for inoculating other than how I did with the past tests and cultured a needle. I cleaned it and touched the most superficial layer of the citrate with the refined secured needle. I then incubated the citrate tube for 24 hours. Bromthymol blue color is the thing that I added after the overnight incubation to focus the pH scope of my culture. A green shade demonstrates a pH of 6.9, and blue color shows a pH of 7.6 or more (lab slides).

The following test I began was the VP test to check whether my unknown produces 2, 3 butanediol rather than acids from glucose aging (Badon, 2013). Since it was hard to test the occurrence of 2, 3 butanediol specifically, the test really shows the occurrence of acetoin which is a forerunner of 2, 3 butanediol. This test obliges Barrits reagent A and Barrits reagent B to uncover a color change. A red or pink shade change implies it is sure for acetoin creation which likewise shows that it is a butanediol fermenter. Before I included the reagents, I needed to inoculate my unknown culture by disinfecting the loop and after that adding it to the tube from my plate. I then needed to incubate it for three days.

The next test I performed was the MR-VP test. Which I clarified in the previous sentence that it includes the testing of acidic fermenters and glycolysis. This test obliges methyl red marker in order to figure out if it is certain for the occurrence of the acid or not. Red significance it is positive, orange implies that the test is negative and no change of the color implies a negative result. I disinfected my loop and vaccinated my unknown culture from the plate and swirled the bacteria into the MR-VP test tube, then to be inoculated and then put it in the hot room overnight for 24 hours.

With a specific end goal to figure out whether my unknown contains the chemical enzyme urease, I was required to do a urease hydrolysis test for it. I then started to inoculate my culture into the urea broth produced using yeast concentrate and urea. It likewise contains phenol red which will change the color of the juices from an orange-yellow to pink if the pH climbs up. This test was obliged 8 days of review so I essentially held up an entire week before I returned to record my data.

The gelatinase test was also exceptionally straightforward and straight to the point just as was the citrate test. The reason for this test is to form whether the gelatin (got protein from collagen) gets to be hydrolyzed by a catalyst known as gelatinase. The gelatin medium is made out of gelatin, peptone and also a beef extract. This test likewise also requires an incubation time of 8 days so I inoculated my culture then put away the gelatin filled tube into the hot room in a test rack with the other test tubes.

The SIM test was my next in my biochemical tests which records for three disclosures. It tests for sulfur reduction, Tryptophanase action, and motility (Badon). The SIM medium contains supplements, for example, iron and sodium thiosulfate. It likewise also incorporates amino acids, for example, tryptophan (ACC, 2000). For the sulfur reduction parcel, I needed to experiment on if my unknown could diminish sulfide by utilizing both of the two catalysts: cysteine desulfurase, or thiosulfate reductase. For the indole bit I needed to watch whether my microscopic organisms could create the catalyst tryptophanase which hydrolyzes tryptophan to pyruvate, ammonia, and indole. I needed to utilize a substance known as Kovac’s reagent so as to focus my result whether it is red for positive indole creation, or brown for negative indole production response. The motility allotment is a third test to test if my microbes had motile flagellum. This is the motivation behind why I needed to immunize my bacteria by stabbing my loop in the SIM semi-solid media. On the off chance that I were to see cloudiness around my wound line, then it would be sure for motility. This test will take me 24 hours to watch, so I likewise put away it in the hot room with whatever is left of my test tubes.

The following test I did was for the TSIA slant. Like the SIM test it additionally gives three test outcomes which incorporate sugar use, gas generation, and sulfur reduction. The segments of this semi-solid media is produced using three sugars: lactose, sucrose, and glucose. It likewise is made out of phenol red to demonstrate the aging of sugars. In the event that there is no color change, then that means that there is no sugar aging. On the off chance that there is a detectable shade change, then it shows that my unknown is either a glucose fermenter, lactose fermenter, or both. A dark black color would then uncover that it delivers hydrogen sulfide. This is one of the reason I needed to return to the lab in the next 6 hours after I inoculate this media. The dark color may toss of my results a little bit for inspecting it for sugar fermentation. In the event that there are any indications of any type of bubbles at the lowest part of the tube then it demonstrates that gas has been delivered. After I noted my results after 6 hours, I set the TSIA plate back into the hot room for another 20 hours.

The EMB test was next in my rundown of biochemical media tests. I likewise did the T-streak method for this media the same way I did the streak for my MSA. This will only be able to choose for most gram negative bacteria that are able to ferment lactose.

To begin my gram positive testing, I decided to choose the few differential and selective plates required to create a few outcomes about that permit me to take out the conceivable unknown decisions. The MSA media is the plate I wanted to T-streaked first. The MSA plate will help me to figure out if my unknown will be able to survive the high centralizations of salt and can be able to ferment mannitol as well (ICT/MHRD, NME 2013). I streaked my MSA plate, and then put away it in the hot room for incubation and then proceeded with the following test.

The coagulase test was an alternate test I did for my gram positive unknown. This test will uncover if my unknown is either positive for the protein coagulase or negative. I utilized my time to inoculate my loop and then swabbed some of my unknown onto one of my slides. I then started to blend the coagulase onto the slide as well. I then was able to see a couple of white big clumps as I blended the substance. I recorded the results of what I saw and proceeded to do the following test.

The bile esculin test which contains ferric citrate and esculin tests for the results of 6, 7-dehydroxy-coumarin. For this test I basically got my loop and was able to stab the media and find out my gram positive unknown. I put away this test in the hot room to be incubated for 2 days.

The SFA test is utilized to focus the contrast amongst enterococci and streptococci. The peptone and dextrose are what deliveries the enterococci it supplements. A positive response will uncover a yellow-brownish shade because of the fermentation of dextrose. So as to check whether my positive unknown can ferment dextrose, I then did the T-streak method on the plate to be inoculated for 24 hours.

After all the information I gathered from my biochemical tests, I at last accumulated all my results. My results turned out uniquely in contrast to what I had anticipated. For the morphology of my unknown bacteria, I anticipated that it will be round formed staphylococcus. In reality my unknown was a gram negative grouped bacillus. Keeping in mind the end goal to truly separate my unknown microbes, I needed to record my results and contrast it with a spreadsheet agenda on my lab manual. When I investigated my SIM test, I perceived that there weren’t any discernible changes whatsoever. A slight development of my unknown bacteria, there was no indole generation as per the Kovac’s reagent, and without a doubt there was no sulfur creation in light of the fact that the shade did not change to dark. My VP results hinted at some change however. It demonstrated to me that it was sure for the occurrence of acetoin. So yes the creation of 2, 3 butanediol is available. I recognized a negative turn out about my citrate test. I recollected that when the semi-solid used to be green yet it then ended up being blue after 30 hours. This implies my unknown cannot utilize citrate as a carbon source and the pH hopped up the whole time. My urea test additionally hinted at an antagonism as it didn’t change shades and stayed orange. I then realized that it didn’t contain the protein urease and pH continued as before subsequently. For my TSIA slant test, which I was able to recognize that the shade of the media was red at the top and yellow at the bottom which shows glucose maturation. That was the main thing that was distinctive on the grounds that there were no rises at the lowest part. My microorganisms likewise brought about a negative test for MR-VP. For the MR test I can infer that creation of blended acids were missing. For the gram positive segment of my biochemical test I saw from the MSA plate that it was sure for mannitol aging. It doubtlessly finishes the coagulase test in view of the recognizable bunches I saw. My bile esculin turned to a dark substance and the SFA continued as before significance there were no enterococci present. In conclusion from my gram staining I recognized that my gram positive microbes were formed as cocci groups.

So what is the importance of my results? In the wake of inquiring about and utilizing my procedure of disposal, I inferred that my unknown bacteria number 31 was nothing other than Escherichia coli for my gram negative. The outline for it matches precisely the same with the revelations I brought up for the unknown bacteria number 31. I made a couple of arrangement to my procedure of disposal to acquire my data. In the meantime the Escherichia coli was negative for the citrate, VP, urease, and gelatin and positive for the. The EMB and the MacConkey had a green color shade. From these results I can infer that my unknown in fact is E.coli.

References

ICT/MHRD, NME. “Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering : Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Virtual Lab.”Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering : Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Virtual Lab. Amrita, 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013

Edu, Highlands. “Use of Selective and Differential Media.”Use of Selective and Differential Media. Highlands Acedmics, 2013. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.

Weber, Dereck. “Unknown Bacterium Identification Project.” Unknown Bacterium Identification Project. Softchalk.com, 09 Jan. 2010. Web. 02 Nov. 2013.

“Welcome to Microbugz – SIM Medium.” Welcome to Microbugz – SIM Medium. Ed. Linda Beaver. ACC, Apr. 2000. Web. 03 Nov. 2013.