Career episode 1

Introduction

1.1

Designing of Routing Protocol in WMN

• Chronology: ……………………….
• Geographical location: Varna, Bulgaria
• Name of the organization: Technical University of Varna
• Position: Project Leader
• Supervision: ……………………

BACKGROUND

1.2

As we all know that the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is defined as the types of the new encouraging type of technology which depends upon the use of already existing software and the hardware components. In order to understand the project, the research of the network of flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles was done. The study of the different routing algorithm used in the military system is also carried out for an enhanced understanding of the scheme. The use of various types of the reactive and the proactive routing characteristics for the purpose of transforming the information is also studied for the purpose of carrying the project linearly. For the purpose of simulation, the use of various standard along with the stand alone simulator were studied for varying the number of the nodes, nodes mobility and density. 

1.3

The major objectives of the project was to develop a routing protocol in WMN in between the nodes of the network.

The additional basic objectives of the project are:

• To run the various standard along with the stand alone simulator for changing the nodes, its mobility, etc.
• To provide the high-speed operation on the network field in the present time.

1.4

In the project, I was responsible to perform different managerial task during the project such as the distribution of task, team coordination etc. I was also involved in performing a review of the different books, journals, notes etc. which are written in the field of an electronics and computer especially in the field of networking. Further, I evaluated the influence of the following different parameters such as the traffic load, network delay, network size, average link usages etc. for the purpose of attaining the proper design of the system. I simulated the design with the help of the simulator. I also generated the mechanism which was used to produce the random number of the events among the nodes for the purpose of studying the design. I then performed the analysis of different types of output of the simulating process.

1.5

The organizational chart of the institute where I conducted the project is given below. The organization chart shows or provides the flow of the authority from the top to the bottom of a different parameter inside the organization body.

Fig: Organizational chart

1.6

During the conducting the project based on to design of a hybrid protocol with relatively high speed in wireless mesh network among nodes for communication purpose, I carried out the following roles and duties for effective completion of the project in an appropriate time.

• At first, I started the project by reviewing the literature in the relevant field which helps me to acquire theoretical knowledge to conduct the project.
• I developed the routing algorithm for the military application of the system. Along with this I also developed a pseudo code for understanding the structure of logic via which protocol worked.
• I generated illustrative examples for the nodes that behaved on the traffic.
• I then developed the source code with the help of the Eclipse.
• I also performed the simulation of the system based on Java.
• I accomplished the investigation of the result or the output of the project.

PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY

1.7

Initially, I accomplished the literature survey in order to gain theoretical knowledge about the wireless mesh networks and routing protocols. Then, I planned for the methods to conduct the project in a scientific way. For this, I developed straightforward pseudo code to understand the basic structure of logic. I made the use of different types of the reactive and the proactive routing characteristics for the purpose of transmitting the information. For the simulation, I used various standard and built the stand alone simulator for varying the number of the nodes, nodes mobility and density. I also performed the study of the simulation result on the basis of the routing overhead, packet delivery ratio and latency for the purpose of the understanding the behaviour of the project.

1.8

1.8.1

At the phase of the starting the job, I performed the task of literature appraisal in a variety related field on which the project has to be constructed. During this process, I performed a review of the different books, journals, notes etc. which were written in the field of an electronics and computer especially in the field of networking.  Furthermore, I also studied the various types of the unmanned aerial vehicles, its operation on the various speed and its different paths, the altitude at which it is used etc. for the purpose of selecting the proper network method on the design of the system. I also made the study on the different types of the network like the ad hoc network and the mesh network in order to have the better understanding the project aim and the objectives.

1.8.2

For the purpose of executing the design, I created a separate code function in order to make the network environment. I then evaluated the influence of the following different parameters such as the traffic load, network delay, network size, average link usages etc. for the purpose of attaining the proper design of the system. I then generated the random connection of N nodes which belongs to the single network of the system. I then started to develop the source code for the designing the network. The source code was written in the Eclipse. While designing the source code, the classes of the system were designed as shown in the figure below. While designing the class, A node used the reactive, and it might cause the problem of the flooding in the network which might affect the network performance of the system.

Fig: Protocol design

1.8.3

After the design of the protocol was achieved, I went for simulating the design. While simulating the design, many processes were taken. I simulated the design with the help of the simulator, which is itself an independent program that is written in Java. I generated the mechanism which was used to produce the random number of the events among the nodes for the purpose of studying the design. I then used the total number of nodes which were designed as the input parameters for the simulation. I placed the nodes within the units of a 0-132 range of altitude and defined it as a lower class, i.e. class C. I also put the nodes in the same manner in-between 133-264 and in-between 256-400 and defined it as a class B and A. Finally using the simulator, I started the simulation of the design. In function of a number of nodes, I also measured the routing overhead.

1.8.4

Then at last, I performed the analysis of the result of the mission. During the process of analyzing the project, I performed the analysis of various types of output of the simulating process. I performed the analysis of the variation of the metrics. From which I obtained that UAV was placed in such a manner that in every 10 sq. Km the node density of about 1 node was obtained while using the node ranging from 3 to 21 during simulating. I also obtained that the node density of about 0.6 to 1.4 nodes per 10 sq. km.

Further, I also noticed that the routing overhead was maintaining the value of around 30%, except for the case with the use of very low numbers of nodes. I also analyzed that the 30% was a high overhead for the directing algorithm. Due to a frequent refresh of the routing table and short data transmission sequence, I obtained that a little change on the percentage of directing overhead with the increase in the numeral of nodes.

Fig: number of nodes vs. Avg. routing overhead

1.8.5

I then performed the evaluation between the overhead with the changing node density. I then found that as compared with the average value of 30%, the resulting values were in between 25-33%. And I finally came to the conclusion that the node density was not affected by the routing overhead. Along with this I also came to conclude that the relation among the node density and packet overhead was not altered due to the mobility of the nodes. I also obtained that the relationship between the packet overhead and node density might be affected if there would be any change in the node quantity in each node class.

Fig: overhead vs. node density of all three class

1.8.6

During the project, I adopted all the safety measures that were to be used while conducting or designing the program. Since this project was associated with the analyzing and designing only, so there were no any types of mechanical activities. Hence it had no any effect on the environment. Furthermore, I also took all the precaution while conducting the testing and analysis of the system.

1.9

• Initially, during the time of the generation of the source code, I faced problem while writing the source code of the design. At the initial phase, I used the method of the C++ for the purpose of coding the source code. But the code written in C++ was not browsed easily while simulating. So I changed the coding of the source code by the use of Eclipse, which has many benefits over the C++ such as the rich client platform, refactoring, code completion, extension and plugins etc. This helped in eliminating the problems.
• The second problem which I faced was during the testing of the program. While testing the program, the collision issue was seen, and that affected the working mechanism of the system. So in order to avoid the collision issue, the performance of a proposed protocol was evaluated by changing the nodes, its mobility and its density. Along with this, the testing was done by making the assumption of the system in an ideal medium access control.

1.10

I continuously monitored the position of the UAV and kept the number of nodes at a reasonable level while analyzing the system so that the issue of the latency could be minimized. Along with the latency, it also helped to minimize the problem of scalability which was caused due to the increased number of nodes in the system.

1.11

I executed all the managerial role during the period of the designing the project. I conducted the activities such as dividing the work to the different team members. I also conducted the review of different documentation, also conducted the field visit to the respective sites with the help of the supervisor. Along with all this, I made my teammates understand the aim and objectives of the project. I also developed the proper algorithm and flowchart and at the termination of the project. I also printed the project report and submitted it to the supervisor.

1.12

In order to conduct the project, I referred different standard codes and executed the program within the limit or the boundary of the organization. I also have used an ISO/ IEC 8473-1:1998for the protocols used in the system and an ISO/IEC 8208:2000 for the routers used in the project.

Summary

1.13

Initially, I generated the source code for the purpose of coding the system. After generating the source code to be used in the system, I then start the developed the routing algorithm for the system to be used for the military application. Along with this I also developed a pseudo code for understanding the arrangement of logic over which the protocol of the system works. I then generated the illustrative examples for the nodes that behaved on the traffic of the project for which it is designed. Along with this I then developed the source code with the help of the Eclipse, and after the completion of the source code, I then performed the simulation of the project. And finally, at last, I performed the analysis of the project.

1.14

I was able to achieve the goal of the project that was set before the conduction of the project work within the provided deadline by the University. I was successful in designing the hybrid routing protocol in the mesh network.

1.15

I contributed a lot for the finishing point of the project in a vital time. For this, I adopted the different managerial role throughout the project. Along with this I also prepared the task of distributing the various portion of the job among the team members. I also made the other member of my team to visualize about the project goal and its importance.