Due to the advances in biomedical science and technology, mammalian cloning has, in the last 13 years, become feasible. This first came to the public’s attention with the publicity surrounding the creation of Dolly the sheep in 1997. Through the process of HSCNT(Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer), hundreds of mammalian organisms have been cloned and carried to term. However, the process is by no means […]
There have always been concerns on whether a person should donate his or her body to science. Some people say it’s morally wrong not to have a regular funeral. Others say it’s the right thing to do because you could potentially be saving people’s lives, or helping a life out in some way. There are many advantages and disadvantages. Some people may be confused by […]
Abstract Molecular cloning is a method to produce quantities of a specific DNA segment. It contains an abundance of techniques including DNA transfer, DNA recombination, DNA sequencing and so on. Though this practical, restriction maps were draw for plasmid pMA and pMB by doing single and double digest, a pMB fragment digested with PstI was inserted to plasmid pUC19 and then transferred to host cells […]
What is Fentanyl? Transdermal Fentanyl is a synthetic narcotic analgesic that is widely used in clinical anaesthesia which was originally synthesised by Dr Paul Janssen in the early sixties. It is approximately one hundred times more potent that morphine; which is thought of a the golden standard for opiods; this is where other opiods are compared and tested against morphine. Due to its potency, Fentanyl […]
The issue raised is the motion of paper made cones within air as they are released. The time that the cone will take to reach ground level from the moment of its release depends on several variables, which have to be investigated in order to conclude whether changing them would be relevant in affecting the period of time needed. Hypothesis There are several factors which […]
Water shortage is becoming nowadays one of the biggest challenge facing human life and the global natural system in many areas of the world. The causes of this concern are linked to different human factors as the massive increase of population, needs of water because of the rapid industrialisation, the growth of the tourism industry and obviously for agricultural purpose. (UN,2009) In the time of […]
Since 5000 B.C., people have had knowledge of bleaching fabrics. Bleaching has the definition of “whitening by exposure to sunlight or by a chemical process.” People have had knowledge that they may whiten [bleach] their materials by a process of moisture and extreme periods of time to sun exposure. The bleaching method, in itself, has been a rather old and well-known process to man. People […]
Abstract Seed priming is a technique by which seeds are partially hydrated to a point where germination processes begin but radical emergence does not occur. Priming can be found effective both for legumes and grain crops. A pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions at Pir Mehr Ali shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during summer of 2007. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soaking […]
1. The concept of ethics and legal Ethics is generally defined as a philosophical discipline that is concerned with human conduced and moral decision making (Van Hoose, 1985). Ethics are normative in nature and focus on principles and standards that govern relationship between individuals, such as those between counselors and clients. Morality, however, involves judgment or evaluation of action. It is associated with such words […]
1. Introduction 1.1. Microbiological transformation of steroids. Steroids are small organic molecules that are synthesized in steroidogenic tissues and act on target sites to regulate a cascade of physiological functions [1]. Examples of natural occurring steroids include: sterols, steroidal saponins, cardioactive glycosides, bile acids, corticosteroids and mammalian sex hormones [2]. They are based on the steran skeleton which is composed of three six-carbon ring units […]
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