More than a decade after the letdown of risk management in cases such as Barings PLC, Metallgesellschaft and Orange County, risk management has evolved a lot, but there is still a long way to go. From Bernoulli’s experiment to Miller and Modigliani’s Portfolio Theory and Fama and French’s 3 factor model, the latest trend in risk management is Value-at-Risk. Most of the existing research focuses […]
“Risk management is important in financial institution than in other parts of the nation. Although its complex. The banking sectors and other similar financial institutions is facing risk in situation of uncertainty. How the Turnbull report describe, author was the project director in which, formed a new basic approach to risk. It provides guide in which the multiple Turnbull ideas have become the foundation of […]
Chapter 1 Introduction In today’s world, no one can deny the importance of Globalization. International trade is that kind of trade that gives rise to the economy of the world and for the country growth plays a backbone role. International trading has become very important for every country of the world – be it big or small, developing nation or developed nation. There is a […]
It has been observed throughout the world that insurance contracts are one of the very important contracts in today’s financial and economic setup. It relates to both the business part of the economy as well as to the individual savers. Because of its ability to cater various types of customers efficiently, insurance sector evolved, developed and prospered throughout the world. But due to the presence […]
Dividend is that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders which is usually paid quarterly. But why do companies pay dividends? In Finland, dividend policy has always been the main concern according to some few empirical studies. But they normally based it on assumptions that each security has an intrinsic value based on the economic conditions of the firm. […]
Since the development of the using electronics trade most continuous auction markets, price-contingent limit orders are arranged on the basis of priority rules in the limit rank book and help provide liquidity. There are two reasons from which the briefings are risky. First liquidity providers threat trading with better informed traders, that is being picked off. To lower this threat, liquidity providers would like the […]
CHAPTER 2 Microfinance is a phenomenon that reflects the provision of both credit and savings services to low income people. This provision of funds in form of credit and microloans empowers the poor and low income earners to engage in productive economic activities which can help boost their income level and thus alleviate poverty in the economy. According to Otero (1999, p.8), microfinance provides financial […]
Capital structure is the way a company finances itself by combining long term debt, specific short term debt, and equity (Ross et al., 2005; Hsiao et al., 2009). It shows how a company finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. Capital structure of companies varies with its size, type and some other characteristics such as age of company, company size, […]
Capital structure has always been one of the main topics among the studies of finance scholars. Its importance derives from the fact that capital structure is tightly related to the ability of firms to fulfil the needs of various stakeholders. The last century has witnessed a continuous developing of new theories on the optimal debt to equity ratio. The first milestone on the issue was […]
Corporate dividend policy is one of the most debated topics in corporate finance. Many researchers have devised theories and provided empirical evidence regarding the determinants of a firm’s dividend policy. The dividend policy issue, however, remains still unresolved as due to the fact that there are so many variables depending upon the type of company, its financial conditions, its industry etc that no single formula […]
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