Treatment<\/strong><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nNon-recombinant<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nRecombinant<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nTotal # of Asci<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nTotal # of recombinant Asci (B+C)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nFrequency of Type B Asci (B\/TOTAL)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nFrequency of Type C Asci (C\/TOTAL)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nFrequency of Recombinant Asci (B+C\/TOTAL)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n| \n \nRatio<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\nB\/C<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| \n \n# of TYPE A Asci (4:4)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n# of TYPE B Asci (4:2:4)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n# of TYPE C Asci (2:2:2:2)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \n \nLow Radiation (100 Gy)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n30\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n21\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n29\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n80\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n50\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.625\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.263\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.580\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.4534\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \n \nHigh Radiation\n<\/p>\n \n(500 Gy)\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n51\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n31\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n49\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n131\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n80\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.611\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.237\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.374\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n | \n \n0.6337\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n \nTable 7. Combined Section Data Analysis for Treatment.\n<\/p>\n \n![\"\"](\"images\/0456554.001.png\") ![\"\"](\"images\/0456554.002.png\") Figure 1: Overhead and side images of Evolution Canyon depicting the SFS and NFS (Singaravelan\u00a0 et al. 2010)
\n<\/img><\/img><\/p>\n \n![\"\"](\"images\/0456554.003.png\")
![\"\"](\"images\/0456554.004.png\"\/)
\n<\/img><\/p>\n \nFigure 2: Alternation of Generation for the life cycle of Fungi (Cyr 2002)\n<\/p>\n \n![\"\"](\"images\/0456554.005.jpg\"\/) \u00a0 Figure 3: Placement of Wild-Type (dark-colored) and Tan-Type S. fimicola. Notice how Wild-Types are placed diagonally opposite from each other. Tan Types follow the same assortment.\n<\/p>\n \n![\"\"](\"images\/0456554.006.png\"\/) Figure4: Sample of S. fimicola asci patterns under microscope. The asci are usually formed in patterns of 8 and researchers score only the 2:4:2, 2:2:2:2, and 4:4 patterns. (Singaravelan\u00a0 et al. 2010)\n<\/p>\n \n- \nDiscussion\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\nOverall, recombination frequency was higher in both radiations as compared to the control data. Recombination was observed between two strains (2:2:2:2 and 2:4:2) of S. fimicola<\/em> in all the treatments and the control. In table 1-7, the recombination frequency was calculated. The frequency of recombinant asci in control group was 72.4%. Whereas, the frequency of recombinant asci increased in the treatment sample, 58.0% in low radiation treatment and 37.4% in high radiation treatment.\n<\/p>\n\nThe trend observed from each table reveals that recombination occurs more frequently in low radiations compared to high radiations. The hypothesis suggested was wrong as the recombination frequency was little higher in low radiation as compared to the high radiation environment. This suggests that S. fimicola<\/em> may also have cross over more in the North Facing Slope of Evolution Canyon. As more results came in, it was noted how the numbers became more uniform, providing more solid evidence.\n<\/p>\n\nHowever, despite the evidence illustrated in Tables 1-7, it should be highlighted that there may be sources of error that might have changed the actual results. First, errors might have occurred while preparing agar plates. On the agar plates, there might be growth of some different fungus on agar plate due to contamination.\u00a0 Contamination could have resulted from the improper use of laboratory material. Through agar preparation step for mating S. fimicola<\/em>, scalpels were instructed to be disinfected. Second, the negligence of disinfecting the scalpels may have caused the contamination. Third, improper sealing of the agar plate in the end could also make the culture of S. fimicola<\/em> vulnerable to other contaminations.\n<\/p>\n\nProblems like contamination leads to other errors. Forth, the improper breakage of perithecia to release the asci can also lead to improper results. By tapping too hard or too gentle, the asci may get destroyed or not enough asci would be released.\n<\/p>\n \nFrom this experiment, a sample baseline for S. fimicola<\/em> was prepared in optimal lab setting. This means that if no environmental effects like radiations were at work, then S. fimicola<\/em> would cross over at the frequency of around 72.4%. For the other group of researchers who are experimenting at the Evolution Canyons, they can use this lab as a baseline to compare how S. fimicola<\/em> mate in the wild.\n<\/p>\n\nReferences<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\n- \nBurpee, D., Cyr, R., Hass, C., Ward, A. and D. Woodward.2018. A Laboratory Manual for Biology 110 Biology: Basic Concepts and Biodiversity. Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.\n<\/li>\n
- \nCyr, R. 2018. Fungi I \u2013 Evolution and Diversity, Phyla Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota. In, Biology 110: Basic Concepts and Biodiversity Course Website. Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University. https:\/\/courses.ed.science.psu.edu\/biol110\/node\/4257.\n<\/li>\n
- \nCyr, R. 2002. Meiosis, Heredity and Life Cycles. In, Biology 110: Basic Concepts and Biodiversity. Course Website. Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/courses.ed.science.psu.edu\/biol110\/node\/4256.\n<\/li>\n
- \nLidzbarsky GA, Shkolnik T, Nevo E (2009) Adaptive Response to DNA-Damaging Agents in \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Natural Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Populations from \u2018\u2018Evolution Canyon\u2019\u2019, Mt. Carmel, Israel. PLoS ONE 4(6): e5914. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0005914\n<\/li>\n
- \nGenetic Diversity Definition| Biodiversity A-z. http:\/\/biodiversitya-z.org\/content\/genetic-diversity\n<\/li>\n
- \nSingaravelan, N., Pavlicek, T., Beharav, A., Wakamatsu, K., Ito, S., & Nevo, E. (2010). Spiny mice modulate eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio to achieve cryptic coloration in \u201cevolution canyon,\u201d israel.\u00a0PLoS One,<\/em>\u00a05<\/em>(1) doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0008708.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The effects of environmental stress on meiosis and genetic diversity in the model organism, Sordaria fimicola Introduction The experiment is performed to know if the environment plays a role in meiosis during sexual reproduction to create genetic diversity. Genetic Diversity is defined as the amount of genetic information within and among individuals of same species. It allows species to strive through the harsh environment and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[77331],"class_list":["post-254169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-sciences","tag-effects-of-environmental-stress-on-meiosis-and-genetic-diversity-in-sordaria-fimicola"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254169"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=254169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254169\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=254169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=254169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glowriters.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=254169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} | | | | | | | | |