A use case diagram depicts the units of functionality of the system as well as the actors capable of carrying out these functions. An actor is a person within the system needed to carry out a particular function. A function is depicted by an oval text box and is referred to as a use case as well, use case in this terms meaning unit of functionality. A Use Case diagram is a compilation of Use Cases to form a system.
There are four actors within the MPP system. This does not suggest that only four literal people are responsible for operating the entire system. An actor is a classification of a person. In essence an actor refers to something general such as a job title as in this example the four actors are Secretary, HR Manager, Accountant and Staff Member. This use case diagram suggests that the classification of actors are responsible for the duties they are connected to. As such all persons holding that job title will be required to fulfil the duties depicted.
The duties or use cases are explain further as use case specifications and the actors are details as classes in task two.
Number: UC0001
Create Employee
Secretary, HR Manager
To add a new member of staff
Extend:
Include:
Associations:
Secretary, HR Manager
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Secretary gives member a form
2
Member fills form an returns it to secretary
3
HR Manager reviews form and approves employee
4
Secretary notifies employee
5
HR Manager confirms details
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 1/1
Person Not Approved
A 1/1.1
HR Manager disapproves person
A 1/1.2
Secretary notifies person
A 1/2
Invalid Data
A 1/2.1
Person confirms data invalid
A 1/2.2
HR Manager edits details
A 1/2.3
This use case specification explains the procedure to be undertaken when adding a new member of staff to the MPP payroll. This process involves both the HR manager and the secretary in terms of the system. The secretary initially distributes a form to the potential employee to fill within which the applicants’ qualifications and contact information is kept on file. The details mentioned within the specification encompass all the personal information of the applicant inclusive of contact information as well as personal details.
This information is then sent to the HR manager to review where a decision is made to approve the employee for an interview. This decision dictates whether the secretary contact the applicant to inform them of an upcoming interview or to inform them that their application has been rejected. The assumption here is that MPP only hires members of the party to become staff members.
Name
Create a Member
Actors
Secretary
Goal: To add a new member to the MPP party
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Include:
Associations:
Secretary
Create an Election Candidate
Create a Member of Parliament
Create a Regional Assembly Member
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Person requests membership
2
Secretary creates new member record
3
Secretary confirms persons’ details to be accurate
4
Member is added to membership list
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 2/1
Incorrect Details
A 2/1.1
Secretary enters incorrect details
A 2/1.2
Secretary edits details
A 2/1.3
This use case specification depicts how a new member of MPP is added to the system. There is an estimated fifty thousand members of the party whom which information is needed to be stored as they are relied on during election time when the party is campaigning for election. The political party most probably doesn’t discriminate the right of membership by any one person. Seeing that not much clerical data needs to be manipulated the secretary is fully capable of adding a member to the party.
The process begins as a person requests membership to the party. The secretary then enters the members’ personal information especially their contact information as given by the applicant. Once the member confirms the information to be accurate the record is saved and thereby added to the membership list of MPP.
Name
Create an Election Candidate
Actors
Staff Member
Goal: To add a new Election Candidate
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Create a Member
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Staff Member elects Member to become candidate
2
Staff Member contacts Member
3
Member confirms
4
Staff Member adds member to shortlist
5
Staff Member changes member position to EC
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 3/1
Member Disapproves
A 3/1.1
Staff Member elects another Member to become candidate
This system assumes that only existing members of the party are elected to become election candidates for a particular seat. A member therefore can be classified as an election candidate once their name has been added to a shortlist, which is a list of potential election candidates for a particular area.
Using this assumption a member position classification was created within the member file an as such a member may have many classifications ranging from volunteer represented as VOL and election candidate represented as EC.
Once an election candidate wins an election for a post they may be contending their position will be changed to Member of Parliament or Regional Assembly Member respectively as will be discovered.
Name
Create a Member of Parliament
Actors
Staff Member
Goal: To add a new Member of Parliament
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Create a Member
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Candidate is voted member of parliament
2
Staff Member changes member position to MOP
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 4/1
Member Looses Election
A 4/1.4
Staff Member changes Member position to VOL
Name
Create a Regional Assembly Member
Actors
Staff Member
Goal: To add a new Regional Assembly Member
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Create a Member
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Candidate is voted Regional Assembly Member
2
Staff Member changes member position to RAM
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 4/1
Member Looses Election
A 4/1.4
Staff Member changes Member position to VOL
Both the Create a member of parliament and Create a regional assembly member use cases rely on the Create a member use case. Once a member looses an election his position within the party is reassigned to a volunteer.
Name
Add Member to shortlist
Actors
Staff Member
Goal: To add a Member to a shortlist
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Member approves to become a candidate
2
Staff Member adds member details to shortlist
3
Staff Member changes Member position to EC
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 4/1
Member Steps Down
A 4/1.1
Member notifies Staff Member
A 4/1.2
Staff Member removes member from shortlist
A 4/1.3
Staff Member edits Member position
A staff member is responsible for adding a member to the shortlist thereby creating an election candidate. The shortlist is a record of potential election candidates of the MPP. Editing of the shortlist is as simple as editing a table. A staff member is responsible for this responsibility.
This use cases is used in conjunction with the Create an election candidate use case within which adding a member to a shortlist is referred to. Once a member agrees to become an election candidate their personal information is added to a list of potential candidates for a particular seat within a respective area.
Name
Contact Members
Actors
Staff Member, Secretary
Goal: To contact members of the party
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Staff Member/Secretary queries member details
2
Secretary/Staff Member contacts Member
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 7/1
Contact Unavailable
A 7/1.1
Contact unavailable at given contact
A 7/1.2
Use another form of contact given by the member
This use case the procedure to be undertaken when contacting a member of the party. As shown, only full time workers and secretaries contact members. There are many uses of this unit of functionality beyond the boundry of this system. The political party requires that sufficient contact information is stored on each member as individual members are relied on during the campaigning process to organise meetings and assist with advertisement.
The contact information that is stored on an individual member of the party includes a telephone contact, home mailing address and email address. The staff members as well as the secretary therefore have three options in which to utilise when contacting a member.
Name
Record Income
Actors
Staff Member
Goal: To record income generated by MPP
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Staff Member records Invoice Number
2
Staff Member records income Details
3
Staff Member records the ID number
4
Staff Member records the Amount
5
Staff Member records the date generated
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 8/1
Incorrect Record
A 8/1.1
Income is recorded incorrectly
A 8/1.2
Staff Member confirms details with Invoice
A 8/1.2
Staff Member edits details
The member of the party responsible for recording income will be a full time employee of the party. Since there are several offices each of which generate individual incomes there must be persons within each regional office to account for funds the party may receive, either by subscriptions received or from other sources such as donations from persons interested in supporting the party and its objectives.
The person receiving income distributes an invoice through which a record is kept of individual payments to the party. This invoice must contain all the information needed on the transaction such as what the payment was for, whether it is a subscription or donation. The invoice also contains who made the payment, how much money was paid to MPP and what date was the payment made.
In the instance of a donation a record is kept of the donor personal information so they are kept on record an assigned a donor identification number. This is to ensure full accountability of the finances reaching the party. This donor number is entered into the “ID Number” field in the income table.
Where a member pays their annual subscription to the party their member ID is stored within the same field. This ensures accountability for the transaction as well as a record of the subscription received for that individual member.
Name
Record Expenditure
Actors
Staff Member
Goal: To record expenditure incurred by MPP
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Staff Member records Receipt Number
2
Staff Member records expenditure Details
3
Staff Member records the ID number
4
Staff Member records the Amount
5
Staff Member records the date incurred
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 9/1
Incorrect Record
A 9/1.1
Expenditure is recorded incorrectly
A 9/1.2
Staff Member confirms details with receipt
A 9/1.3
Full time employees are also responsible for recording the expenditure incurred by the party. The operation of any political party requires a host of expenses in which to organise and manage the party properly. The individual offices of the party will incur expenses for each office it maintains.
The main expenses that must be accounted for include payment of rent for the various offices that the party operates. Salaries must also be accounted for as MPP employs over a hundred individuals which accounts for a major portion of the party’s expenditure. A major part of any election campaign is advertising which as for MPP includes television advertising as well as leaflets that need to be distributed by the party’s members. Along with these major expenditures the party may also incur miscellaneous expenses in order to keep the offices running such as telephone bills and mailing expenses, all of these are classified as sundry expenses.
Whenever any expenditure is incurred all receipts given to the party is filed and documented. These receipts are used to document all the expenditure incurred by the party as the amount, dates and to whom payments are made are documented on the receipt. Each office, member and advertiser are assigned an ID number so that a level of accountability can be maintained as to whom payments are made.
Name
Generate Financial Report
Actors
Staff Member, Accountant
Goal: To generate a financial report for each office
Use Case Relationships
Extend:
Include:
Associations:
Generalisation:
Description
Index
Actor Event
1
Staff Member/Accountant selects Financial Report table
2
Staff Member/Accountant print Financial Report
Alternatives
Index
Actor Event
A 10/1
Incorrect Report Printed
A 10/1.1
User selects correct report
A 10/1.2
User prints correct report
Each regional office is expected to produce a financial report to account for its activities. This will make for easier planning and budgeting by the national officers responsible for this such as the accounts department of the party. Therefore both party members as well as the national accountant can generate a financial report.
To ensure the legitimacy of the financial reports the political party is expected to employ an internal as well as external auditor that examines the financial reports and compares them to the income and expenditure of the party.
The financial report entails the total income generated as well as the total expenditure incurred for a particular office. These s can be used to determine the General Reserve available for funding the party’s activities.
An Activity Diagram the logical flow of data within a particular use case. The following diagrams show the Create a Member use case but in two different activity diagram formats. The first diagram simply the logical order in a flow chart fashion. The second diagram the same use case with the implication of swim lanes.
Class diagrams are used to identify the objects of the system and show how they relate to each other and their attributes. The class diagram used to analyse the objects associated with the MPP and depict their relationships with each other.
Everything is related to each other through the MPP class. It is an empty class but is there to show that the generalisation relationship exists between the Regional Office and Head Office Class and the MPP class. Most other relationships within this diagram are generalisation relationships depicted by the empty arrow head. This diagram is structured in a hierarchal format.
A generalisation relationship allows the subclasses of any parent class to inherit the properties of the parent class. This feature is also show in the diagram by the empty boxes within the Secretary, Staff Member, Accountant and HR Manager classes. This does not suggest that these classes don’t have any attributes but that they inherit the attributes of their parent class.
The other relationships depicted is; the relationship between the Staff Member class and the Income, Expenditures and Financial Report classes, and between the Accountant class and the Financial Report class. These relationships show an association relationship as the classes interact with each other on some level of their functionality.
The individual classes are explained in detail within their respective CRC card.
A tool used to document the purpose and capability of a class is the CRC card. CRC stand for Class-Responsibility-Collaboration, as will be discovered, is exactly what the cards depict along with several other features of the class. The CRC cards represented in this section depict the classes identifies in the MPP system and show how they relate to each other.
ID:1
Type: Concrete
Description
A MPP office representing a region of Contentedland
Associated Use Cases: Record Expenditure
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Full Time Employee
Employee
Attributes
Relationships
Office ID
Generalisation: MPP(super class)
Region
Member (subclass)
Address
Donor (subclass)
Monthly Rent
Employee (subclass)
Aggregation:
Other Association: Full Time Employee
Expenditure
The regional office class is a subset of the MPP as a whole. There are several regional offices namely; Northland, Southland, Eastland, Westland and Central. Each office will possess the same characteristics as the other and as such are represented by a single regional office class within the class diagram.
Distinction between classes is possible through the attributes of the class utilised and as such can be uniquely identified. The assumption made is that the entire system is divided into regions and as such all corresponding members and records are also presented in that regional office category.
ID: 2
Type: Abstract
Description
A Member of MPP
Associated Use Cases: Create Member, Create an Election Candidate, Create a Member of Parliament, Create a Regional Assembly Member
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Full Time Employee
Income
Attributes
Relationships
Member ID
Address
Generalisation: Regional office(concrete class)
Last Name
Aggregation:
First Name
Office
Other Association: Full Time Employee
Title
County
Secretary
Date-of-Birth
Position
Telephone
The member class comprises all the attributes of all the members of MPP. The assumption is that, regardless of hierarchal qualification all members of the party share common attributes and inevitably are all members of the party. This assumption gives way for the “position” attribute within the member class.
A member according to the party can be a volunteer that assists the party in some way for no charge. Members are also election candidates who contend regional and national elections. The member doesn’t change their nature only their position when they are elected and become either a Member of Parliament or a Regional Assembly Member.
As such the member class depicts that it is associated with the creation of all members of the party as they relate to their appropriate use cases within the system.
Sufficient contact information is stored on members of the party as they may need to be contacted during election time when the party wishes to implement a rigorous advertising campaign. The email contact of each member may be a useful attribute as it is more efficient to send a mass email to all members than to individually contact them.
ID:3
Type: Abstract
Description
A person other than a member of MPP that donates to the party
Associated Use Cases: Record Income
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Full Time Employee
Income
Attributes
Relationships
Donor ID
Telephone
Generalisation: Regional Office(Abstract class)
Last Name
Address
Aggregation:
First Name
Other Association: Full Time Employee
Title
Office
Income
Date-of-Birth
County
Income is earned through subscriptions as well as through donations. People who donate to the party does not necessarily have to be a member. A person who’s interests are aligned with the policies of the party may choose to donate to their campaign in a hope that they may win the election.
Information needs to be stored on such individuals to account for the sometimes large sums of money they may give to the political party. It is also useful where the party wishes to contact these members for one reason or the other.
A Donor share similar attributes to members however as they are not members of the party they do not require a position field. However sufficient contact information is kept on these individuals so the party can always keep in touch with them.
ID: 4
Type: Concrete
Description
An Employee of MPP
Associated Use Cases: Create a Staff Member
Responsibilities
Collaborators
HR Manager
Attributes
Relationships
Employee ID
Telephone
Generalisation:
Regional Office(Abstract class)
Last Name
Address
Secretary(sub class)
First Name
Staff Member(sub class)
Title
Office
Aggregation:
Date-of-Birth
County
Other Association: HR Manager
Position
The political party hires full time employees to coordinate their activities. These employees are classified under each regional office and withdraw a salary from the party. Employees include Staff Members whose hierarchal classification is determined within each regional office as well as Secretaries who attend to each office of MPP.
ID: 5
Type: Abstract
Description
An Employee of MPP
Associated Use Cases: Create a Member, Contact Member
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Create a Member
Member
Edit Member
HR Manager
Delete Member
Staff Member
Contact Member
Attributes
Relationships
Employee ID
Telephone
Generalisation: Employee(Abstract class)
Last Name
Address
Aggregation:
First Name
Other Association: HR Manager
Title
Office
Member
Date-of-Birth
County
Staff Member
Position
The Secretary of the party is responsibilities include contacting members as well as adding members to the party. However they can only maintain volunteer records. Staff Members are responsible for the management of the other members of the party.
ID: 5
Type: Concrete
Description
An Employee of MPP
Associated Use Cases: Create Member, Contact Member, Add Member to Shortlist, Create an Election Candidate, Create a Regional Assembly Member, Create a Member of Parliament, Record Income, Record Expenditure, Generate Financial Report
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Record Income
HR Manager
Record Expenditure
Secretary
Generate Financial Report
Add Member
Edit Member
Delete Member
Attributes
Relationships
Employee ID
Telephone
Generalisation: Employee(Abstract class)
Last Name
Address
Aggregation:
First Name
Other Association: Income
Title
Office
Expenditure
Date-of-Birth
County
Financial Report
Position
HR Manager
Secretary
Staff members handle the brunt of the work within the party. Staff Members is a general term used to describe all the full time party workers who are employed within the regional offices of the political party. Staff members include all the party workers represented for each county of Contentedland.
The duties of these members function similarly to clerical duties within an office. These staff members are allocated duties within the office structure oven though each member is responsible for their respective county that they oversee.
ID: 6
Type: Concrete
Description
The Head Office of MPP
Associated Use Cases: Record Expenditure
Responsibilities
Collaborators
National Officer
HR Manager
Accountant
Attributes
Relationships
Office ID
Generalisation: MPP (super class)
Region
National Officer(subclass)
Address
Aggregation:
Monthly Rent
Other Association: Staff Member
Expenditure
The Head Office posses the same characteristics as a regional office and it functions similarly as well. The difference between the head office and the regional office aside from its geography, is the employees that it houses.
The assumption made is that the national officers within the head office function as managerial employees as would happen within a typical company. It should be structured in a way so that the ten national officers act as the managerial departments of the political party inclusive of the accounts department and the human resource department used within this scenario.
ID: 7
Type: Abstract
Description
The accountant responsible for the finances of MPP
Associated Use Cases: Generate Financial Report
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Financial Report
Attributes
Relationships
Employee ID
Telephone
Generalisation: National Officer(concrete class)
Last Name
Address
Aggregation:
First Name
Other Association: Financial Report
Title
Office
Date-of-Birth
County
Position
The accountant of the MPP is housed within the head office of the party. The accountant has the duty of managing the finances of MPP. The accountant is also responsible for generating the financial reports that are to be audited to produce a tax which the party must incur annually. This expenditure is classified as a sundry expense and must be accounted for within the finances of the party.
The accountant is also responsible for ensure that proper control procedures are in place in terms of managing money the party receives. After all he is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the financial records and ensuring that they are in good standing with the laws of the country.
ID: 8
Type: Abstract
Description
The HR Manager of MPP
Associated Use Cases: Create a Staff Member
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Add Employee
Employee
Edit Employee
Delete Employee
Attributes
Relationships
Employee ID
Telephone
Generalisation: National Officer(concrete class)
Last Name
Address
Aggregation:
First Name
Other Association: Employee
Title
Office
Accountant
Date-of-Birth
County
Position
In keeping with the assumption, the HR Manager is classified under the head office as this position is a managerial role. The human resource manager holds the same attributes as any other employee of MPP how ever his duties implicate him to be the one to manage the records of all the employees of the party.
ID: 9
Type: Abstract
Description
Revenue generated by MPP
Associated Use Cases: Record Income
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Staff Member
Display
Attributes
Relationships
Invoice Number
Generalisation:
Income Details
Aggregation:
ID Number
Other Association: Staff Member
Amount
Financial Report
Date Generated
Income is generated through two sources in the party. The attributes of income allow for any sort of income to be documented, whether it is a subscription received from a member or a donation given to the party. A staff member is responsible for recording income into the system. The summation of the income table is exported to the financial report to form the net income .
ID: 10
Type: Abstract
Description
Expenditure incurred by MPP
Associated Use Cases: Record Expenditure
Responsibilities
Collaborators
Staff Member
Display
Attributes
Relationships
Receipt Number
Generalisation:
Expenditure Details
Aggregation:
ID Number
Other Association: Staff Member
Amount
Financial Report
Date Incurred
Expenditure is incurred from several means. A Staff Member is responsibl
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