Critical Success Factors Towards Performance of Critical National Infrastructure in Malaysia
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates the current practice from owners/ operators of Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) installations throughout Malaysia to ensure the best practice will be taken by owners or operators of CNI to protect CNI from security threats and underline the best performance. Previously, there is no study focusing on success factor as guidelines to all owners and operators of CNI in managing their own installation. The aim of this research is to identify the priority of key success factors towards the performance of CNI installation in Malaysia that focus on three CNI such as water supply, telecommunication and power electricity sectors among all thirteen sectors. The other ten sectors are waterworks, finance, transportation, broadcasting, oil, gas, chemical, radiation, weaponry and security printing. Since there is a high dependency among three sectors to the national security and resilience, this study identifies the critical point on what is the most important way in managing the CNI installation. The main research model includes four key success factors: CNI’s owners and operator’s commitment, business continuity management, physical security protection and partnership dependency/ interdependency towards the performance of CNI. The data were collected by questionnaires and the results were analyzed with SPSS software. Analysis obtained from mean analysis, pearson correlation and multiple regression. The mean analysis is to highlight the current performance of CNI. The pearson correlation is to examine the relationship of four success factors towards the CNI performance and multiple regression suggests that owners and operator’s commitments is the most critical success factors to maintain a good performance in their own CNI installations. This research also discusses the huge implication to the CNI owners and operator’s daily practices and also the policy that can improvised the CNI performance of security and resilience as a whole.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bissmillahirrahmanirrahim, Alhamdulillahirobbilalamin. A great thankful to Allah S.W.T for everything and give me this opportunity, strength and rahmah to finally complete this research. This research was prepared for Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), basically for student Executive Master Administrative Science (EMAS) program.
Firstly, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to Associate Professor Dr. Jasmine binti Ahmad, my great supervisor who always give full support and guidance to accomplish my research. I also would like to thank Professor Hazman Shah Abdullah for his guidance during my research proposal preparation. My sincerest thanks to my Deputy Director General (Operation Sector), Mr. Capt. Rusli bin Abd Rahman (rtd.), PCIP as my mentor to teach me about the importance of CNI protection and resilience. I would also wish to extend my thanks to my classmates, interviewees and the people who giving me a very good cooperation during this accomplishment.
Very special thanks to my parents, my family especially my wife for her spirit, encouragement, patience, constructive suggestion and full of support during my research completion.
Finally, thank you to my department Chief Government Security Office (CGSO), Prime Minister Department as the Secretariat of Critical National Infrastructure for giving me opportunity and support.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
CONFIRMATION BY PANEL EXAMINERS i
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENT v – vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF ABBREVIATION xi – xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1 – 3
1.2 Problem Statement 3 – 6
1.3 Research Questions 6
1.4 Research Objectives 6 – 7
1.5 Scope of Study 7
1.6 Significance of the Proposed Study 7
1.7 Definition of Terms, Terminology and Concepts 8 – 9
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 10
2.1 Background of Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) 10
2.1.1 Malaysia Perspective on Critical National Infrastructure 11 – 16
2.1.2 United States Views about Critical Infrastructure Protection 16 – 20
2.1.3 Critical Infrastructure protection in Netherlands 21 – 22
2.1.4 Australia Critical Infrastructure Protection 22 – 23
2.1.5 Canada View About Critical Infrastructure Protection 24 – 25
2.1.6 South African Key point or Critical Infrastructure
Protection 26 – 28
2.2 Critical Success Factor for CNI Performance 29
2.2.1 Owners and Operator’s Commitment 29 – 32
2.2.2 Business Continuity Management 32 – 36
2.2.3 Physical Security Management 36 – 40
2.2.4 Partnership 40 – 46
2.3 Gaps in The Research 46 – 48
2.4 Review of Critical Success factors or Key Success Factors
In General 48 – 50
2.5 Conceptual Framework 50 – 53
2.6 Hypothesis 53 – 54
2.7 Summary 54
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 55
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 64
4.1 Introduction 64
4.2 Data Screening and Cleaning 65
4.3 Data Reduction and Factoring 65 – 68
4.4 Test of Data Accuracy 68
4.4.1 Reliability Test 68 – 69
4.4.2 Normality Test 69 – 70
4.4.3 Data Outlier 70 – 71
4.5 Testing The Assumption of Multicollinearity and Singularity,
Assessing Linearity, Normality and Homoscedasticity 71 – 72
4.6 Demographic Profile of Respondents 72 – 75
4.7 Data Analysis by Objectives 75 – 80
4.8 Summary of Findings 80 – 81
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 82
5.1 Introduction 82
5.2 Mains Findings Revisited 82 – 88
5.3 Recommendation to Increase the Level of Performance of Critical
National Infrastructure 88 – 91
5.4 Research Implications 91 – 92
5.5 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 92
5.6 Conclusion 93
REFERENCES 94 – 104
APPENDICES 105
LIST OF TABLES
Tables | Title | Page |
Table 2.1 | CNI Sectors in Malaysia | 12 |
Table 2.2 | CNI Central Committee Structure | 13 |
Table 2.3 | CNI State Committee Structure | 14 |
Table 2.4 |
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